I've been searching around and have found numerous questions asked on this issue. I have tried to do some of the solutions but none of them seemed to work for me. When I go into "Playback Devices" the only device I see there is speakers. When I plug in my headphones, my computer doesn't recongnize that they are plugged in. At first I though it was something wrong with my headphones so I tested them with my phone and they worked perfectly fine. I don't know what to do and im hoping it can be fixed.

As per description, your headphone is not getting recognized on your system.
To help you suggest steps to resolve the issue, I would appreciate if you could answer the following question:
Have you made any significant changes on your computer prior to this issue?
Did you try headphones on any other system installed with Windows 8?

I would recommend you to follow the method given below and check if that helps:
Method 1: You can try setting the headphone as default and check if the issue persists.
a. Right click on the volume icon in the system tray and then click "Playback devices"
b. Right click on the blank space in the popped up window and then select "Show Disabled Devices" and "Show Disconnected Devices"
c. Right click on Headphone and then click "Enable"
d. Highlight the microphone and then choose "Set as Default Device"
e. Click Apply and Ok.
If issue still persists try method 2.
Method 2: Run the hardware troubleshooter.
A troubleshooter is an automated tool that can find and automatically fix some problems with your system. Follow the steps to run hardware troubleshooter.
Press Windows key + X on your keyboard, Select Control Panel.
Click on Troubleshooting.
Select Hardware and Sound and click on Hardware and Devices and follow the instruction.
Click on “Advanced” and then click on “Run as Administrator”.
Click “Next” and follow the on-screen instructions to complete the troubleshooting process.
If issue didn’t get resolved try method 3.
Method 3: Download and install the latest drivers from the manufacture website.
I would suggest you to go to manufacturer website and check for the latest audio drivers, if there are any try to download and install the drivers on your computer.